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- <text id=93CT1607>
- <title>
- Belize--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Middle America
- Belize
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The Mayan civilization spread into the area of Belize
- between between 1500 BC and AD 300 and flourished until about
- AD 1000. Several major archeological sites, notably Caracol,
- Lamanai, Labaantun, Altun Ha, and Xunantunich, reflect the
- advanced civilization and much denser population of that period.
- European contact began in 1502 when Columbus sailed along the
- coast. The first recorded European settlement was begun by
- shipwrecked English seamen in 1638. Over the next 150 years,
- more English settlements were established. This period was also
- marked by piracy, indiscriminate logging, and sporadic attacks
- by Indians and neighboring Spanish settlements.
- </p>
- <p> Great Britain first sent an official representative to the
- area in the late 18th century, but Belize was not formally
- termed the "Colony of British Honduras" until 1840. It became
- a crown colony in 1862. Subsequently, several constitutional
- changes were enacted to expand representative government. Full
- internal self-government under a ministerial system was granted
- in January 1964. The official name of the territory was changed
- from British Honduras to Belize in June 1973, and fill
- independence was granted on September 21, 1981.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> Belize is a parliamentary democracy on the Westminster model
- and is a member of the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is head
- of state and is represented in the country by Governor General
- Dame Dr. Minita E. Gordon, a Belizean. The primary executive
- organ of government is the cabinet, led by a prime minister
- (head of government). Cabinet ministers are members of the
- majority political party in parliament and usually hold elected
- seats in the National Assembly concurrently with their cabinet
- positions.
- </p>
- <p> The National Assembly consists of a House of Representatives
- and a Senate. The 28 members of the House are popularly elected
- to a maximum 5-year term. Of the Senate's eight members, five
- are selected by the prune minister, two by the leader of the
- opposition, and one by the governor general.
- </p>
- <p> The Belize government is controlled by the People's United
- Party (PUP), which won 15 of the 28 seats in the House of
- Representatives on September 4, 1989. The United Democratic
- Party (UDP) won the other 13 seats. The UDP had governed Belize
- from December 1984 until September 1989. Before 1984, the PUP
- had dominated the electoral scene for over 30 years. Prime
- Minister George Price was Premier from 1961 until the granting
- of independence in 1981 when he became Prime Minister, a post
- he held until the 1984 election and regained in 1989.
- </p>
- <p> Members of the independent judiciary are appointed. The
- judicial system includes local magistrates, the Supreme Court,
- and the Court of Appeal. Cases may, under certain circumstances,
- be appealed to the Privy Council in London. The country is
- divided into six districts: Corozal, Orange Walk, Cayo, Belize,
- Stann Creek, and Toledo.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- May 1990.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-